Main Electrical Equipment Of Electrical Substation
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas hloov hluav taws xob, txais thiab faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tswj lub zog ntws, tswj cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab txuas cov kev sib txuas ntawm ntau qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Cov cuab yeej uas hloov qhov voltage ntawm cov hluav taws xob substation yog lub transformer. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv substation muaj xws li switchgear rau switching circuits, busbars rau sau tam sim no, transformers rau kev ntsuas thiab tswj, cov twj paj nruag, relay tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej thiab xob laim tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej, kev thauj mus los ntawm kev sib txuas lus cov cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam. hluav taws xob substation.
Ntu 1: Transformers
Transformer yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm substation, uas tau muab faib ua ob-winding transformer, peb-winding transformer thiab autotransformer.
Transformers tau muab faib ua kauj ruam-up transformers thiab kauj ruam-down transformers raws li lawv cov dej num. Lub qub yog siv nyob rau hauv lub transmitting kawg substation ntawm lub hwj chim system, thiab lub tom kawg yog siv nyob rau hauv lub txais kawg substation. Lub transformer voltage yuav tsum sib haum nrog lub voltage ntawm lub hwj chim system. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv, nws yuav tsim nyog los hloov cov kais dej ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom tswj tau qhov hluav taws xob zoo. Nyob ntawm tus kais hloov txoj kev, muaj ob hom transformers: tsis muaj-load regulator transformers thiab on-load regulator transformers.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm transformer yog hloov cov tam sim no ntws los ntawm high-voltage kab-rau-hauv av voltage los yog high-voltage kab ntawm substation mus rau hauv tsawg-voltage los yog me me tam sim no ntawm ib tug tas mus li ratio, thiab hloov cov high-voltage kab. -to-av voltage ntws los ntawm substation mus rau high-voltage kab-rau-hauv av voltage. yog kom paub cov kab hluav taws xob. Ntsuas ntsuas tam sim no zoo.
Tshooj II: Voltage Transformers
Transformers tau muab faib ua tam sim no transformers thiab voltage transformers, uas yog siv rau tam sim no thiab voltage conversion, feem.
Nws tseem yog hu ua ntsuas transformer vim nws txoj cai hloov dua siab tshiab zoo ib yam li cov transformer.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm transformer:
(1) Transformers tuaj yeem cais kev ntsuas lossis kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntsuas ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob luv luv los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas, yog li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov tib neeg.
(2) Txij li thaum lub hauv paus thiab theem nrab ntawm lub transformer tsuas yog sib nqus sib txuas thiab tsis ncaj qha hluav taws xob txuas, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau qib rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv thib ob yog so.
(3) Lub tshuab hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob siab ntawm thawj lub voj voog mus rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob ntawm 100V lossis 100/3V, thiab hloov qhov loj tam sim no ntawm thawj lub voj voog mus rau qhov tam sim no me me ntawm 5A. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem ua tus qauv ntsuas los yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab ntsuas kev tsim khoom ntawm ob sab ntawm transformer.
Tam sim no Transformer
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov thib ob winding ntawm tam sim no transformer feem ntau yog txuas nrog lub load, uas yog ze rau lub luv luv Circuit Court. CEEB TOOM: Tsis txhob qhib nws. High voltage hem kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov tib neeg, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab rau tam sim no transformers.
Part 3: Switchgear
switchgear. Qhov no suav nrog Circuit Court breakers, disconnect keyboards, load keyboards, high voltage fuses, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau siv los qhib thiab kaw cov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv relay, txiav tawm cov khoom siv tsis raug lossis kab nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv relay, thiab muaj kev rov ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, cua Circuit Court breakers thiab sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers yog dav siv nyob rau hauv substations saum toj no 220 kV.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv (riam hloov) yog cais tawm qhov hluav taws xob kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum siv khoom siv thiab kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob. Txij li cov load tam sim no thiab luv-circuit tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem sib cais, lawv yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub hwj chim tsis ua hauj lwm, lub Circuit Court breaker yuav tsum tau rub ua ntej, ces lub disconnect hloov. Thaum siv hluav taws xob, qhov hloov pauv yuav tsum raug kaw ua ntej kaw lub Circuit Court breaker. Kev ua haujlwm tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas thiab raug mob ntawm tus kheej. Lub load hloov tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov load tam sim no thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm tsis cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no. Nws yog feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog high voltage fuses rau transformers los yog sockets nrog voltages tsis tshaj 10 kV los yog ntau tshaj.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txhawm rau txo qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb, sulfur hexafluoride tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas (GIS) tau qhia. Lub Circuit Court breakers, insulating keyboards, busbars, earthing keyboards, transformers, qhov hluav taws xob bushings, thiab lwm yam yog muab tso rau hauv lawv raws li nyob rau hauv cov chav tsev los tsim tag nrho cov enclosure uas muaj sulfur hexafluoride gas ua ib tug nruab nrab insulating. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv compact, me me, lub teeb yuag, tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua puag ncig, lub sijhawm tu ncua ntev, thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob poob siab lossis hluav taws xob cuam tshuam. Niaj hnub no, nws qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab, kev tsim khoom siab thiab kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem.
Ntu 4: Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv xob laim
Lub substation tseem muaj cov khoom siv tiv thaiv xob laim thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv xob laim xws li cov hlua hluav taws xob. Txoj hlua hluav taws xob yog tiv thaiv lub substation tsis txhob raug hluav taws xob raug ntaus. Lub teeb hluav taws xob tawm ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab xob laim tam sim no nkag rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Thaum ib txoj kab nyob ze ntawm lub substation raug ntaus los ntawm xob laim, xob laim tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv substation raws txoj kab thiab tsim kom muaj qhov overvoltage. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub Circuit Court breaker, overvoltage yuav tshwm sim. Lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntes ua haujlwm tau tso tawm mus rau hauv av, txo qhov hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej, thiab cia li tua cov arc tom qab tso tawm, kom lub kaw lus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm thaum lub overvoltage tshaj qhov txwv. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv yog zinc oxide ntes.
