Cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub substation
Cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm substation muaj xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej tswj hwm, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis siv neeg, cov chaw sib txuas lus thiab cov khoom siv them nyiaj.
Lub zog faib khoom siv
Ib qho chaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas sib pauv hluav taws xob thiab sib sau thiab faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nws suav nrog cov tsheb npav, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob cais tawm, cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, cov hloov pauv tam sim no, thiab cov hluav taws xob ntes. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub ntsiab hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm lub substation. Muaj ob hom layouts: sab nraum zoov thiab sab hauv tsev. Sab nraum zoov layout muaj ntau hom xws li nruab nrab-qhov loj me, ib nrab-siab thiab siab-hom. 6-10 kV fais fab kev faib khoom feem ntau txais yuav hom sab hauv tsev, 35 kV fais fab kev faib khoom tuaj yeem txais hom sab hauv tsev lossis sab nraum zoov raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, thiab 110 kV thiab siab dua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau siv sab nraum zoov. Hauv thaj chaw muaj kuab paug lossis qhov chaw nqaim, 110-220 kV cov khoom siv hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob nyob hauv tsev. Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov hneev taw me me thiab tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj tib lub sijhawm. Nws kuj muaj nyob rau hauv hom sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov.
Fais fab transformer
Ib tug ntaus ntawv uas transforms voltage. Nws txuas nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv, thiab feem ntau hu ua lub ntsiab transformer ntawm lub substation. Transformers uas txo qhov voltage los muab lub zog rau cov cheeb tsam lossis cov neeg siv hu ua step-down transformers; transformers uas nce voltage xa mus rau lub hwj chim daim phiaj yog hu ua step-up transformers. Thaum muaj ob lossis peb qhov hluav taws xob faib khoom siv hauv lub chaw nres tsheb, siv ob-winding lossis peb-winding kauj ruam-down transformers raws li. Hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob txuas nrog cov hluav taws xob qis qis ntawm cov kauj ruam-up transformers. Thaum lub peev xwm ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau dua 200 MW, yuav tsum muaj ob-winding step-up transformer; Thaum lub peev xwm ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg dua 100 MW, yuav siv tau ob chav winding transformer los yog peb-winding transformer. Thaum lub hwj chim xav tau kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv, lub khi transformer tuaj yeem siv tau. Lub khi transformer feem ntau yog autotransformer lossis ob-winding transformer. Yog tias koj xav tau koj tus kheej lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm khi transformer, koj yuav tsum tau siv peb-winding transformer los txuas koj tus kheej lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm nws cov hluav taws xob qis. Lub hwj chim mov rau lub substation tseem tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha los ntawm qhov qis-voltage winding ntawm autotransformer.
Tswj, ntsuas, teeb liab, tiv thaiv thiab tsis siv neeg ntaus ntawv
Lawv saib xyuas thiab tiv thaiv txhais tau tias kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev tswj hwm muaj kev tswj hwm ib-rau-ib thiab kev xaiv kab, thiab nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua tam sim no muaj zog (110 ~ 220V) thiab tsis muaj zog tam sim no (48 V thiab hauv qab). Muaj ntau hom kev tiv thaiv: kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, kev tiv thaiv kab, thiab kev tiv thaiv tsheb npav. Muaj ob hom kev ntsuas: kev ntsuas pa thiab xaiv ntsuas, uas tuaj yeem pom ntau yam kev ntsuas hluav taws xob xav tau. Muaj ob hom teeb liab: audible signal thiab teeb liab, nrog rau cov hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog. Thaum ua haujlwm txawv txav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwm sim, cov cuab yeej tsis siv neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm kom ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg hauv lub sijhawm, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg thaub qab thiab tsis siv neeg recloser. Cov chaw uas tau hais los saum toj no feem ntau nyob hauv lub tsev tswj hwm lub tsev loj (chav) ntawm lub substation. Substations ntawm 330 kV thiab saum toj no feem ntau muaj lub tsev tswj lub ntsiab, feem ntau yog ib lub tsev peb-zaj; substations ntawm 220 kV thiab hauv qab no feem ntau muaj ib-zaj dab neeg tseem ceeb tswj chav; unattended substations feem ntau tsuas tsim tau yooj yim tswj chav me me. Cov chaw tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv yog siv los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thib ob ntawm lub substation. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thib ob suav nrog cov roj teeb DC fais fab mov, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, lub zog hluav taws xob cia hluav taws xob thiab AC theem nrab fais fab mov. 220 kV thiab siab dua substations siv roj teeb DC cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab 110 kV thiab qis dua cov chaw tsis tseem ceeb feem ntau siv lwm hom khoom siv hluav taws xob thib ob.
Cov chaw sib txuas lus
Muaj ntau ntau hom kev sib txuas lus hauv microwave, kev sib txuas lus hauv lub cev thiab kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau. Microwave kev sib txuas lus, kev sib txuas lus cov cab kuj thiab kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau yog feem ntau teem rau hauv substations ntawm 330 kV thiab siab dua, thiab tsuas yog cov cab kuj sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau yog teem rau hauv substations ntawm 220 kV thiab hauv qab no. Ib lub tsev sib txuas lus sib cais feem ntau tsis tsim nyob rau hauv substation, thiab cov chaw sib txuas lus tau muab tso rau hauv chav sib txuas lus ntawm lub tsev tswj lub ntsiab (chav).
Kev them nyiaj yug ntaus ntawv
Reactive zog nyob rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug hauv zos. Txhawm rau kom sib npaug ntawm lub zog reactive nyob rau hauv lub hwj huam mov ntawm lub substation, nruab shunt capacitor banks los yog synchronous regulators nyob rau hauv lub substation; txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau them lub zog ntawm cov kab txuas mus ntev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los nruab shunt reactors nyob rau hauv lub substation; Kev ruaj ntseg, txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib kis ntawm kab, qee zaum kuj yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub txhab nyiaj capacitor hauv substation.
